In recent and upcoming years, Europe faces the challenge of fighting climate change and its adverse effects. One of its primary objectives in this effort is to reduce emissions to achieve net zero by 2050. To this end, mitigating measures are being implemented to effectively reduce pollutant emissions, with the energy system being a key element in this process due to the integration of renewable energy sources, extreme climate events, and fluctuating energy demands.
When discussing renewable energy, we often focus exclusively on its benefits. However, it is essential to consider their limitations. Most renewable energy sources are intermittent and cannot be fully controlled, meaning electricity supply may be disrupted due to weather conditions. Climate change and meteorological factors will have a dual impact, affecting the total energy generated and introducing additional risks from physical impacts. Furthermore, as efforts to electrify sectors such as transportation and industry increase to reduce emissions and meet environmental targets, electricity demand inevitably rises. It leads to a growing system with uncontrolled energy generation and increasing demand. Therefore, measures must be taken to prevent blackouts and ensure a stable electricity supply, as more people will be impacted if these needs are unmet.
The intermittency of renewable energy generation requires regions to implement strategies or contingency plans to address potential energy shortfalls. Relying on backup systems that use fossil fuels should be avoided, as this could lead to spikes in emissions, undermining decarbonization efforts. An alternative approach is to incorporate a diverse mix of renewable energies combined with new technologies applied to the grid, such as batteries or smart grids. Smart grids are networks that use digital and advanced technologies to monitor and manage the flow of electricity from various generation sources to meet the fluctuating demands of consumers. It can help maintain a stable electricity supply with low emissions. To ensure an efficient and effective approach, it is crucial to understand the region’s specific resources and circumstances.
In light of the points outlined, it is critical to take action now to ensure that energy systems remain secure and reliable as Europe transitions to a low-carbon future. It is why the LOCALISED project is working to identify the risks highlighted and determine the best measures each region can implement, considering its specific circumstances. The goal is to ensure a safe and resilient electricity supply throughout the transition.
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